Category Archives: Non-Fiction

Leaked Footages: A Gift of Meaning in a Chaotic World

Imagine walking through a charred forest that still smells of fresh rain—a paradox where destruction and hope meet, intertwining like roots and ash, Abu Bakr Sadiq’s poetry collection, Leaked Footages, reverberates with such depth of vulnerability that endears its reader(s) with an intimacy born of conflict, survival, and endurance.

There’s a pulsating realism in his verses, an unflinching mirror of the chaos that confronts not just Nigeria but countless communities around the world that are at the mercy of larger forces. Reading Sadiq’s work feels like walking through a familiar terrain, and as I dive deeper into his poems, I find my lived experience as a young intersectional advocate (in Nigeria) for marginalized communities deeply entwined with the themes he brings to light. His words speak to those who, like myself, have spent their lives trying to make sense of instability, change, and resilience in environments that offer no guarantees of safety or peace. 

Take the poem “While a Newly Elected President Is Being Sworn In,” for example, the political unrest hinted at in this piece isn’t just a footnote in history—it’s an ever-present reality in our Nigerian landscape. We see this daily on the streets where once-vibrant posters of campaign promises are shredded by a disillusioned populace, and the stifling smoke in the room feels like an apt metaphor for the confusion and suffocation that often accompanies governance in our part of the world. “A country in crisis does not hold its breath,” Sadiq seems to suggest in these stanzas, and I couldn’t agree more. The poem unfolds in a way that makes us experience the immediate aftermath of electoral promises turned sour. 

This political consciousness isn’t just a topic for debate in faraway halls of power. It’s a daily reality for communities like mine, where even the youth—the so-called “future of the nation”—feel stranded between hope and despair. As an advocate, especially within the queer community,

Sadiq’s reflection on political disappointment hits differently. We are constantly grappling with promises of inclusion, protection, and rights that are all too often delayed or dismissed. As feminist Nigerian author Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie touchingly notes, “Grief is a political emotion when it is a grief of what could have been.” Sadiq’s poem is an embodiment of this collective grief. 

In his poem “Estrangement Theory,” there’s a recurring theme of displacement that feels painfully relevant, not just on a global level but particularly here in Nigeria. It’s no secret that political instability and economic uncertainty have led to a surge in migration.

Whether people are leaving for greener pastures abroad or being displaced within their own country, there’s an inevitable loss that comes with uprooting one’s life. The evocative line “sometimes the only thing left behind is a favorite dress, sometimes a tribe, mostly a language” speaks volumes. It reminds me of Wole Soyinka’s lamentation on the erasure of culture in the face of colonialism, where language wasn’t just a means of communication but an anchor to one’s identity. 

In today’s Nigeria, where migration has become a ubiquitous solution to systemic failure, Sadiq’s words resonate deeply. When people leave, they don’t just depart physically; they leave behind parts of their history, their connection to home, and oftentimes, they find themselves strangers to the languages that once defined them. This hits home for me.

As an advocate working across intersections of marginalized communities with an emphasis on 2SLGBTQ+ communities, I see how displacement isn’t just about physical space but also about socio-cultural identity. Queer Nigerians often find themselves estranged from their own families, communities, and even their languages when their identities clash with societal norms. Sadiq’s poetry doesn’t shy away from the complexity of this issue. But rather, in his versed words, he acknowledges the pain of this loss while also suggesting that survival necessitates it. 

His poems are rich with vivid imagery, grounded in the everyday reality of life. In “After a Conversation about Janazah,” he presents an image that is both simple and profound: a father standing over his son’s body, refusing to cry. Here, the absence of tears is more telling than any outpouring of emotion could be. In a society where death has become almost commonplace, grief takes on a different form—one that is quiet, stoic, and at times numb. It’s as though the father in the poem is representative of all of us, the survivors, who have witnessed so much loss that we’ve become desensitized to it. In Nigeria, where violence has claimed countless lives, from Boko Haram insurgencies to the ever-present clashes between herdsmen and farmers, there’s a pervasive sense of emotional exhaustion. We don’t always cry because we’ve learnt that tears aren’t enough to bring back the dead. 

There’s a similarity here to James Baldwin’s observation that “people are trapped in history, and history is trapped in them.” Baldwin was referring to the Black American experience, but it’s just as true in the Nigerian context, where the history of colonization, military coups, and ethnic conflicts continues to haunt us. Sadiq, in his poetry, taps into this ongoing trauma, giving it voice in a way that is both raw and elegant. 

The rhythmic quality of Sadiq’s poems is another thing that caught me off-guard in the best possible way. He doesn’t stick to a conventional meter, which allows his words to flow more naturally, more conversationally. This stylistic choice enhances the authenticity of his voice. In poems like “Reaching an Endpoint,” the rhythm slows down as the city tries to pick itself up after a crisis.

The change in pace reflects the process of healing, which is never linear. Sadiq understands this deeply; he recognizes that recovery is often uneven, with moments of stillness punctuated by bursts of activity. This mirrors the very real experience of living in post-crisis Nigeria. We see this in communities rebuilding after floods or after violent clashes—there’s an initial flurry of activity, but soon, the efforts slow, people grow weary, and life returns to a fragile normalcy. 

Another striking poem is “Survivor’s Gift,” where Sadiq writes, “In the end, I learn, even time surrenders itself to memory.” This is a philosophy that resonates with me on a personal level, especially as someone who works with marginalized voices. There’s a powerful truth here: that even the most traumatic events, the ones that leave deep scars, eventually become memories. It’s a bittersweet realization because while time may soften the edges of our pain, it also means that the urgency of the struggle fades. As advocates, we fight to ensure that the stories of those who have suffered aren’t forgotten—that their memories remain vivid and meaningful. But Sadiq’s line reminds me of the delicate balance we must strike between remembering and moving forward. We can’t stay trapped in the past, but neither can we allow it to be erased. 

The Nigerian poet and activist Ken Saro-Wiwa once said, “The environment is man’s first right.” While he was speaking specifically about the Niger Delta and the devastating effects of oil exploitation, Sadiq’s poetry touches on a broader sense of environmental decay—not just in the natural world but in the social environment as well.

In his poems, there’s a constant interplay between destruction and regeneration, much like the Nigerian landscape itself. Whether it’s the image of smoke swirling through a room or the slow reconstruction of a war-torn city, Sadiq is acutely aware of the fragility of our surroundings. He understands that survival isn’t just about making it through the next day; it’s about finding ways to rebuild in the aftermath of destruction.

Sadiq’s use of sound patterns is subtle but effective. He doesn’t rely on heavy rhyme schemes or overt alliteration, but there’s a musicality to his words that draws you in. For example, in the poem “Smoke Swirling Around the Room,” the repetition of soft consonant sounds creates a kind of hypnotic effect, pulling the reader into the scene. The smoke isn’t just a visual image; it becomes almost tangible, curling around the words themselves, much like the way political uncertainty wraps itself around the lives of everyday Nigerians. It’s this kind of sensory detail that makes Sadiq’s poetry so immersive. 

What I find most compelling about Sadiq’s work, as seen in Leaked Footages, is his ability to hold space for both despair and hope. He doesn’t shy away from the harsh realities of life—whether it’s political unrest, personal loss, or the ongoing trauma of displacement—but he also leaves room for moments of grace.

In a country like Nigeria, where despair often feels like the default setting, finding those moments of grace can be difficult, but it’s necessary. As someone who works with marginalized communities, I’ve seen firsthand how people continue to find joy, even in the most challenging circumstances. Whether it’s in the resilience of a single mother raising her children in a conflict zone or the quiet determination of queer youth fighting for their rights, there’s always a flicker of hope. And that, I think, is what Sadiq’s poetry ultimately offers: a reminder that even in the darkest times, we can find light. 

Leaked Footages is deeply personal, but it also speaks to a collective experience—one that I, as an advocate and a Nigerian, feel deeply connected to. His poetry doesn’t just reflect the world as it is; it imagines what it could be if we only had the courage to face our truths and rebuild from the ashes. In the end, Sadiq’s poems are a gift to those of us who are searching for meaning in a world that often feels chaotic and cruel. They remind us that survival isn’t just about enduring; it’s about finding ways to thrive amidst the ruins. 

Poetry Review by: Oluremilekun B. Idowu 

For: Akpata Magazine

Thoughts about Tension – Blessing Obiahu

Tension should not be the umbrella word for that jolt that reverberates through your bones and skin when you brush a live wire on a day IKEDC forgets to flick the switch off in your zone because it does more than reverberate; it constricts, twists, flings, kills if there’s no one around with a plank to whack you free of the copper. 

Countless other tensions—unseen but ever-present—coil around our necks like floats as we struggle to float. The worry lines stretching on Mum’s brows, each furrow a map to a different concern; scraping together school fees, putting food on the table, beating Iju Road’s daily traffic, balancing this tilted scale.

For Brother Mark, it’s the pressure he feels to succeed in a fiercely competitive job market; forcing him to change the 0 in his 1990 YOB to 8 and swear affidavits outside the High Court in Ikeja. Sister Franca doesn’t talk about hers, but I know it. She feels it in the questioning eyes that gaze at every educated but unmarried Nigerian young lady.

These tensions, unlike the electric shock—if  you survive—that fades with time, become a chronic state of being, like the refrigerator hum that persists even when the power goes out. It’s something I know kall too well, but, perhaps, not well enough. It’s like feeling both overdressed and underdressed at the same time.

Sometimes, it surfaces as a nagging voice that questions if this path—this career—that I have envisioned, along with the thousand other lawyers that are called to the Nigerian bar each year, is what I truly want. The problem is, this tension—this nagging voice—stays tucked away in a quiet corner of my mind until moments that truly matter.

Moments like when I’m about to stand before a sea of black-and-white-wearing gents and have my five minutes of fame. Or shame. But my mind fixates on the latter. Suddenly, I start to think of who is smiling at me, who isn’t, and why. Then, the thoughts drift to whether they are staring at my figure and judging whether it fills out my tight black skirt, wondering why my figure is the number 5 rather than the number 8. I’m cursing myself for choosing to wear the skirt today of all days, instead of the loose, pleated one that earns me a warm “Sister Amaka” from Sanisa whenever I walk into the faculty.

I manage to regain a semblance of control and wrestle my attention back to the present. The next thought that pops up is which one of the stern-faced men in black suits—the panel—will throw a question at me—a question that will throw me off the balance I’m managing to cling to, out the window, with the burglary proof flying out with me.

The absurdity of wondering why I’m the second person called when my surname starts with O makes a bitter laugh rise in my throat. My shaky legs carry me to the front of the hall, a silent plea escaping my lips for my worn-out soles to hold strong, to not give, to not have the last laugh. Not right now. At least. 

Every thought except the one I should be focusing on—my internship defence, which I spent all night rehearsing in front of the mirror, the wall, and even the mirror with my bedspread draped over it—floods my mind. But here I am, my mouth already blurting out where I interned and the fact that the experience was “more observational than participatory.” I see some heads nodding in agreement, but their faces remain a blur. Still, this tiny acknowledgement fuels a surge of confidence, and my feet feel a little more grounded on the linoleum.

But a new anxiety creeps in: the fear of my tongue twisting and betraying me with a grammatical blunder. This time, not before a handful of classmates, but the entire faculty, junior colleagues included. Relief washes over me as the words start flowing effortlessly, like a waterfall. I even manage to sprinkle in a few jokes, and, to my surprise, they laugh. 

As I conclude, I’m met with thunderous applause. I bow, attempting a discreet exit. But the Dean calls me back and asks a few more questions like, “Who was your assistant in the crowd that prompted you at some point when you forgot a word to use?”, and everyone is laughing because no one comes forward when he says he has a prize for the person. I start to wonder why he has a prize for the person, but not me. Then he asks everyone to give me another round of applause and I return to my seat, amid cheers. 

The weight is finally off my chest, the nagging voice silenced. But in its place is something more sinister: a  rewind-and-replay voice that compartmentalises every bit of my performance, though this one runs in the background like those data-draining apps on my phone.

I sit back and watch the others go out one by one, oozing every bit of tension I and the predecessor must have manifested, and I’m smiling, grateful for how quickly the cup passed from me to them. Then, I realise it’s the word I’ve been searching for:  the cup. The phrase, rather. It’s a bigger umbrella term  than tension. Tension is the wine bottle umbrella I carry around in my tote bag, but ‘the cup’ is the bigger umbrella; the type those POS operators you meet at every five-minute walking distance sit under, come rain or shine.


Blessing Obiahu is a literary enthusiast and law student at Alex Ekwueme Federal University in Ebonyi State, Nigeria. Her work has been featured in the 2021 Nigerian Students’ Poetry Prize anthology, Black but Famous (now Kaassa), Loana Press, Challenging the Writers, and forthcoming in Anarchist Fictions Journal. She is also the founder of D’LitReview, a literary website, and works as an SEO content writer.

Grieving Without Borders – Nwajesu Ekpenisi

Grief is like the ocean. It comes on waves ebbing and flowing. Sometimes the water is calm, and sometimes it is overwhelming. All we can do is learn to swim.
—Vicki Harrison.

The humid Saturday morning’s chilling breeze slapped me beneath the cashew tree where I stood waiting for a motorcycle, and my skin prickled with goosebumps. My eyes drank in the sight of the leaves rustling on the tree and the red fruits draping over its branches.

Like a sentinel, the tree lined the main road leading into the driveway of a nearby hospital. I massaged my arms, dispelling the tingling sensation that caressed my skin like a lover’s steamy kiss. But I knew what it meant. This sensation that had become all too familiar—this feeling that often preceded an experience, so poignant, I know will linger with me for a while.

Behind me, the slapping of slippers against the tarmac driveway grew louder. I whirled around to see two women halt at a palm tree close to the hospital gate. One of them suddenly began to scream. The goosebumps returned, this time, pervasive, accompanied with a sting in my eyes. I blinked, and kneaded my arms again.

Sighting an approaching motorcyclist, I flagged him down; and as soon as we started to bargain, an ambulance zapped past us. My skin erupted in more goosebumps. The woman’s bawl intensified. In sync, the motorcyclist and I were lost in the gaze of the screaming woman.

There was something eccentric about the way the woman wept and screamed. Clad in a black sleeveless button-down shirt on black trousers, she stood beside the other woman, who I assumed was her sister, who was similarly garbed in black. The woman’s sister took a few step forward, phone pressed to her right ear, and sat on a hedge next to the palm tree. She was mumbling with a breaking voice, but I couldn’t make out what she was saying.

Unlike her sister who wasn’t screaming but had eyes flooding with tears, the weeping, screaming woman’s face showed no evident sign of one who had been crying—or was crying. For one who was as fair as she was, it was puzzling to see that her face betrayed no hint of her distress—her face was ‘unreddened’, her nose ‘unrunny’, her eyes ‘unsunken’, with no tears cascading down.

Yet, she bewailed repeatedly in her native dialect—“My lovely mother is dead o! Death, why did you take my mother?”—and her voice was laden with a dolefulness that melted my heart as I hopped on the motorcycle.

A man was ambling by, whose appearance I didn’t quite capture. He gawked at this woman, a look that passed for a glower. Or so I perceived. The disdain in that look was palpable, one that showed how contemptuous he was of the manner the woman screamed and wept.

When he sighed, and our eyes met, I saw the detestation on his face. I imagined this man repeating in his heart the question the motorcyclist hurled at me as we veered into the main road, the same question someone had asked my friend, Evans, at his father’s funeral, where we sat under a canopy.

“How can anyone claim to be mourning a loved one with no tears in their eyes? How can people know that they are truly pained by the loss when their body language shows no intimation of sadness?”

At Evans’ father’s funeral, after the corpse had been laid to rest and candles lit upon the grave, as it was their custom, we sat together, laughing, as we recalled beautiful moments we had shared with his late father—those days he would regale us with stories of the Nigeria-Biafra war—and how we would miss his jokes.

While at it, our sorrow momentarily fading, replaced by warm glows, a young lady, one of his cousins, walked up to us. She glared at us for a while and then said, “Evans, you don’t look like someone who is grieving. How can someone claim to be mourning a loved one with no tears or sadness in their eyes?”

“But I’m mourning,” Evans said.

“Like this?” His cousin cocked a brow. “Since your father died, your body language has been saying otherwise. Are you truly pained by this loss?” She hissed and beat a hasty retreat as soon as she lobbed the question at him.

First, I shook my head at how benighted—of grief—she was, or anyone could be. “Why did she say that?” I asked Evans. “What does she mean by ‘your body language has been showing otherwise’?”

Evans shrugged. “This is the second time she is saying this.”

“Really?” I sighed. “What gave her the impression that you are not mourning like everyone else in the family? You must have done something for her to think that way.”

“I guess it is because I have been hiding my pain.”

“What do you mean by hiding your pain?”

“At school, when I received the call that Papa had died, I was very calm. I maintained that calmness, that composure, when I visited the village and was taken to the morgue to see his corpse. I have been calm till this day. But my cousin thinks that I haven’t been grieving because I didn’t react the way she expected, you know, crying like other members of the family. She thought I was just being a strong man or being impish, but, to be honest, I have been holding back from exploding.”

“She should have known that this is how you grieve,” I said.

“I don’t think she has an idea,” he added, eyes glued to the DJ at the other end, who cued up a
song. The air came alive.

Sadly, in my hometown, rigid expectations are imposed on people on how they should express their sorrow, and how a person’s grief should be measured. We are told that a man overcome with sadness is the one who tearfully expresses his pain for others to understand the depth of his grief.

We are told that grief is something that is visibly written on the face and must be evident in one’s voice. We are told that the ones who hide their emotions behind a mask of stoicism, who put on brave faces, despite being deeply affected, are simply pretending or just being impish or have a skeleton concealed under their cloaks.

We are also told how to grieve here; it is read out to us like a code of conduct in funerals and family meetings after the death of a loved one: The men are to cry to show they are pained, but not too much—because masculinity demands them to be stoic and strong, and not be too loose.

If a man shows too much emotion, he is labeled as “one who weeps like a woman”. Then, to the women, it is expected they show too much emotion. Their cries must burst forth like stormy sea. Their screams must be loud enough to deafen ears. If these are not done, their grieving is incomplete.

“How do you grieve?” he asked, our eyes locking.

The question clinched a chuckle out of me. “You don’t want to know.”

“I’m interested,” he smiled. “Tell me.”

The question made me recall things that I had bottled up inside me. The first time I knew what grief is, the first time it shook me to the core, and left me profoundly shattered for days, I was seven. We had just lost our Landlady. The news of her death, when she was brought back in a coffin two weeks after she left home sick, wrung my innards like strings knotted together.

I didn’t wait to see her corpse in order to confirm that she was dead, I could tell from the weeping faces of her daughters and grandchildren, the groaning of her sons, the silence of her husband, and the solemn mumbles of other tenants and neighbours.

As soon as the funeral hearse hauling her corpse barreled into the compound and everyone rushed to welcome it with broken hearts, I ran inside with my broken heart, huddled beside our bed, and bawled my eyes out. I cried because such a good woman had finally left us. I cried because she was a mother after my mother. She was ‘love’. She was ‘kindness’ cloaked in human flesh. I let the pain stewing inside me to win. I was helpless. I let it sear my eyes, until my tears poured like a libation. I let it drain my strength until I slept off.

Later in my dream, in my subconsciousness, while the funeral dirges played in the compound, I was with her in a garden of beautiful dandelions, gaping at her in a glowing robe.

“I’m not strong in the face of grief,” I replied after a long silence. The DJ spun a new track.

“I’m a weakling.”

Being a weakling is not the same as cowardice. To be a weakling doesn’t mean you fear what you appear weak against; rather, you acknowledge your limitations, you recognize that resistance sometimes is futile, you understand that your efforts would be in vain, and that even trying wouldn’t change the outcome.

Evans let out a croaky laugh.

“But I know that no one is strong in the face of grief, no matter how we choose to hide or express it,” I added.

Grief comes with a raw and scraping vulnerability—a ‘vulnerability’ so strong it claws your heart apart, so strong that it feeds on your strength until you are left bare. It’s in the failure that comes after an exam, the pain of losing a lover to a total stranger, a betrayal from a friend. It is in the act of loving the wrong partner, in unrequited love. It is in the face of rejections, even when you know you are good at something, yet you are still turned down. It is the pain we don’t speak about, the pain that burgeons underneath our skin after a loved one’s death—the worst kind of pain.

“We are never strong in the face of grief,” Evans concurred. “No matter how we exude strength.” I nodded.

The next time I lost a loved one after my father and before my grandmother, who I loved so much—which prompted me to beg God for pardon, for healing from these losses—was in 2014.

Charles was his name. A dear Christian brother from my local church. We were both transitioning out of teenage phase, but he was older than me. When I got to know him, he was the sweetest soul one could have as a friend. I loved him deeply, just as he loved me. He taught me the raw beauty of selflessness, of putting others before oneself. Unfortunately, at the peak of our blossoming friendship, he was diagnosed with a kidney disease.

The morning I learned of his death, I didn’t leave the house for two days. I prayed fervently for his resurrection, the way we were taught to pray in church when we desired something. I desired to have my friend back. I went without eating. But as I prayed, I felt the futility of it all. It was his time to rest. At the end of the second day, I burst into tears. I bit my skin, my lips, until I tasted blood.

“But this how I grieve,” I started. Evans braced up to listen. While the late gospel artiste, Mrs. Nwachukwu Osinachi’s song, ‘Ikem’, blared from the speakers stationed close to the DJ’s canopy. “My grieving knows no border.”

When grief pummels me—especially the sudden, unexpected, searing kind—this is how I utterly unravel: First, I go numb. I feel disconnected from the world. But I try not to crack a tear in public, in the presence of people, be they loved ones or strangers. My eyes may glaze over with tears or even flood with them, but I will not let them all out until I am locked up in my room, where I can drown the floor with them, where I can embrace my sorrow, where the walls can witness my irrepressible insanity.

I withdraw from everything, from everyone; I isolate myself from the world, from its noisiness. I get lost in thoughts, shrugging incessantly, staring into space for too long. Moving with a languid pace as if I’m a leaf blown by the wind, I talk to myself too often, to make sense of my emotions, of reality. I saunter out of my room only at night, when the world sleeps, my pregnant eyes goggling at the night sky, beseeching God to see my crushed and bereaved heart, to teach me the precise language to still the gale rippling inside me, to illuminate the darkness inundating my soul. I trawl for beautiful memories I know will never come forth.

And even when I will myself to sleep in order to escape the depressing reality, I end up in a forest brimmed with ‘frigid’ memories, the melancholic memories I have always wanted to escape from. They come for me like armies besieging a city, like a termite’s relentless gnawing, and I’m jerked awake with wracking sobs.

When I’m exhausted, I let my body succumb to its weariness—for it is what grief is: an unending weariness, a stubborn scar, a memento of lost love, a gaping hole that can never be filled, a suffocating cloak, a tangled forest where the barbed branches of sorrow and the shadow of loss enshroud the route to healing. Time and memories do not heal this wound; they can only mask the pain and fester it.

“I wish I were like you,” Evans said.

“You don’t have to wish to be like me,” I said. “We are wired differently.”

I, too, did wish I was like him, that I’m like him—one who is like a rock in turbulent times, unflappable in the face of adversity, one who wears the mask of stoicism and exudes startling strength in the sea of sorrow; but then, the truth be told, those who don’t express their grief are often the ones whose sorrow has drained their joy. They may appear strong, but they are actually the most vulnerable. I’m not saying people grieve better than others; we all grieve differently because we are wired differently.

If expressing your grief through screaming will bring you solace, go ahead; scream it all out. If you prefer to go stoic, go on, process your emotions in silence. Everyone must be allowed to express their grief, their sorrow, the best way they can authentically do so—without restraint, reserve, ridicule, remorse.

Author’s Bio

Nwajesu Ekpenisi is an Ika writer from Delta State in Nigeria. He placed third in the 2023 Alika Ogorchukwu International Poetry Competition and has forthcoming publications with Brigids Gate Press and other publishers. Follow him on X (formerly Twitter): @E_Nwajesu.

Chameleon – Adesiyan Oluwapelumi

A chameleon camouflages into its environment as a means of defence. And remarkably, the substance of its presence smothers into a film of illusion. I am a chameleon.


It was my first day in elementary school. I remember it vividly like a memory etched to the heel of my skull.

I was awakened by the rooster heralding the break of dawn—my body tumbling out of my bed as excitement sprawled across my face. It was my big day—I had waited for this day with an admixture of anxiety and joy, ready to grace the four walls of an elementary class.

My mother was already awake. She was heating the water for my bath. I was mature enough to bathe myself in my own philosophy—but my mother never approved of this. I hesitated but her will triumphed.

After bathing, Mom picked up my neatly ironed and well-creased school uniform: a green and black chequered shirt, and a black shorts. Eagerly, I wore it, completing the outfit with my white socks and thick black shoes. 

I looked at myself in the mirror. I smiled. There was an imprint of ecstasy on my cheek: a happy face.  But slowly, it blurred and my smile crimped into a sad face. My hands and face turned cold with fear.

How am I going to make friends? Would I fit in? Would my classmates not say I am too tall for my class? 

The only language I could communicate properly in then was the pidgin English, and I worried about how other children with versed manipulation and deft command of the English language would treat me. Would they be willing to talk to me or even understand me?

I was terrified at the shame of this inadequacy. I was mostly terrified about everything, the totality of myself and people’s perception of me—they seeing me as a flawed mishap.


It was in the wake of insurgency in the country that had made my father decide that my mother, my two siblings and I would relocate to the South-Western part of the country—precisely Oyo state—as a haven of refuge from the attacks in the North. 

We used to live in Zamfara state where my father worked as a banker in the United Bank of Africa (UBA) PLC and my mother, a textile trader. We were an average family.

By early 2012, the year we moved, leaving my father behind because he could not leave his job and the option of transfer was not allowed, the infamous militant rebel group, Boko Haram, had caused about 900 deaths in the Federation, evoking fear and unleashing their pang of horror into the Northern areas particularly Yobe, Borno and Adamawa.

We moved to Ibadan late January and rented a two-bedroom flat bungalow. 

Personally, it took some getting used to the environment because I missed the company of my father. I missed the hours where we would sit in the night and he would tell me and my siblings his adventures while he was young. 

He would tell us stories of how he was a chronic prankster in school— how he often got punished and sometimes went scot-free. And stories of him with the ladies for he was a “lover boy.” It was always funny the tone in which he told the stories; like a disney character.

I missed when he would come home with packets of  ice cream from the amazing Mr. Biggs and days when it was me and him only, gossiping through the night about how school had been. Now, it feels utterly lonely; I lusted for my father’s presence.

When he called, his voice ringing into my ears like a rivulet of beads, it often comforted me. We would spend hours conversing about basically everything.

However, that did not fill the chasm that had been chiselled into my heart, into my life. There was a void, a big hole within me, that not even a telekinetic device could fill. Often, he taught me not to be afraid of my peers at school or feel shy but once that connection broke, that confident mechanism in me broke too.

Back then when I was in Zamfara, I schooled in ECWA Primary and Nursery school. My friends, J and K, were my closest companions and we would spend our break time jumping around, playing tag races and having fun.

One particular day, we had a dare contest during break time. We had to jump over the school fence without getting caught by the teacher on duty. The winner of the dare would be crowned “the king of the group” for the next week. 

J, who was always very competitive, took the lead and jumped first. He made it safely over the fence without being seen by the teacher. It was K’s turn next, and she was feeling nervous. Her hands were trembling as she climbed up on the fence. But she took a deep breath and took the leap.

As K jumped, she landed with a thud, and the teacher heard her fall. He came running towards the fence and caught her in the act. K started crying, fearing the punishment she would receive. J and I ran over to comfort her, but we knew that we had to let the teacher take her away. We felt so bad for our friend, but we knew that we had to respect the rules of the school. After K was taken away, we all felt a little bit lost without her. The rest of the day felt quiet without her.

After school, we met up at our usual hangout spot to wait for K. We knew she would be feeling upset, so we brought her some of her favourite treats to cheer her up. When she finally arrived, she looked teary-eyed and sad. But as soon as she saw us, she ran over and gave us a big hug. We told her that everything would be okay, and we would always be her friends, no matter what. She smiled and said that she was glad to have friends like us. 

We spent the rest of the day talking and laughing.

We made a pact to always be friends, but it clearly never lasted.

On the day I  had to leave Zamfara, I had to watch my father say goodbye to us knowing we were not going to see that face for a very long time. I had to say goodbye to my friends and to our home.

My  heart was stricken with sorrow. I remembered I wept all through the journey. Things were never going to be the same from here on. I would miss my friends, school, my dad and mostly, the person I was in this environment.

***

I entered my classroom, Primary one A, after being directed by the headmistress. From the door, my heart began panting. I said my greetings to the class teacher and I took my seat second to the last row. It seemed like a spontaneous selection but I knew it was not. It was the best seat to detract any form of attention during class activities. The teacher often questioned the students in the first row or last row, reducing my chances of being questioned. 

At 7:30am, the bell rang for assembly and we all gathered outside. There was a devotion prayer followed by a welcome address given by the Proprietress of the school and, afterwards, the matching in song. It was the song “Oh, The Grand Old Duke of Yolk”. Back then I did not know the lyrics. So, I just stood watching as other pupils’ lips moved. A petite girl in a hijab beside me gazed at me, her eyes surveying me from top to bottom. She turned to her friend on the line, and whispered something in her ear. They both looked at me, and laughed. I wondered why they laughed. Then I heard.

I could hear the other girl saying: “He is too tall to be in Primary One”. It  made me feel awkward. I was shamed for my height, something I did not even have control over. It was pathetic.

“And he is not even fine. His face resembles that of a monkey”, I heard the first girl say. Saddened by her words, a tear rolled down my cheek.


After the assembly, our class teacher came in, addressed and orientated us about the new class. She began by asking to know our names. I observed as everyone stood one by one calling  out their name with incredulous fluency, till it got to my turn:

 I stood and before I could even say anything, a boy in the front row burst into laughter.  The teacher stood him up and demanded to know why he had laughed. He gave no response, scratching his forehead. She stood him up till the class ended.

Within me, I knew why he laughed; I was the tallest in the class and, perhaps, to them, I was the ugliest too. I was flawed, I knew this but my peers made it feel like an abomination.

Next, the teacher decided to elect a class captain. She chose  to pick at random. I was agitated but, at the same time, calm; why would she select me? 

Her eyes surveyed the class from row to row before settling on me. Me! “You look serious and gentle, you would be the class captain,” she said. I caught my breath several times, heaving silently in a bid not to faint.

But she picked me anyway. I bluntly rejected it. I could not manage it. All of a sudden, the class burst into laughter. I realised I had spoken in pidgin. “I no fit do am. I dey scared,”  I had said. My tongue trembled. I looked down at my feet, feeling embarrassed. The teacher cautioned them from laughing but they went on. She insisted on me being the class captain whether I liked it or not. It was not an option.

Throughout that day, I did not talk to anyone nor did anyone talk to me. During lunch break, my teacher, whose eyes I had felt observing me, asked why I did not join my classmates playing around outside. I told her I could not, I was too afraid of getting embarrassed again. 

After the break, we began mathematics class. We were taught the addition of two digit numbers. I found it easy and simple but my sitting partner, who was a girl, did not. As the teacher taught us, I observed she was just kissing her teeth in annoyance that she couldn’t comprehend what was being taught. I asked if I could help her after the teacher finished.

 She looked at me with piercing eyes: “What would you know? Common English you can’t construct properly. Please…”

Something writhed and died in me that day. Whatever little crumb of self-esteem I had left decayed.


By Primary two, my spoken language had become better and a bit polished. I had pulled all tenacity into my study of the English language to make sure I could speak fluently just like my peers. I drowned myself in my studies and, consequently, I lead the class as the second-best student. I thought this would attract friends to me.  It did not. 

Instead, it repelled them. I was nicknamed bookworm, and the “laughing at” never stopped. It got worse. Whenever I answered a question in class, I would hear some of my peers say “He’s an ITK” meaning I always acted like I knew it all. But that wasn’t true. 

Depressed, I took to reading, spending my time in the library, invested in the world of fantasies and fairytales  I sank into the magic of book: “Gulliver’s Travels”, “Frankenstein”, “Cinderella”, “Peter Pan”, “Bambi”, “Beauty and The Beast” and many more several tales, their stories were etched into my memory. I was so fascinated with these stories, I began to make my own—including daydreaming myself as a character in them. My narrative was somewhat different: I was a prince needing rescue, not the other way around. It sounds pretty but it really was a sad philosophy.

By Primary Three, I was still the boy too shy to have friends or too awkward for people to be friends with. But I had something different. I had my stories with me and they were my friends. My best friend was Prince Charming in the Snow White story. I wished I possessed his charm, his confidence and beauty. More than a wish, I was desperate to be like him. Often, I compiled short stories together, writing tales that were a novel retelling of the fairytales I had read or from scenes around me. 

I didn’t want to show it to my classmates but during breaks, some of them would see me scribbling and venture to investigate what I was up to. They discovered I was writing these stories. More surprisingly, some of them loved it and asked if they could read it. It became a tool I used to forge friendships with many of my classmates. My biggest fans back then turned out to be my very first friends and best friends and prolly my only sincere ones. They were Eniola and Moyosore. 

Every lunch break, we would spend our leisure talking about stories we had read and the ones we had written, for we loved to read and tell stories too. We had this in common. Therefore, I never felt entirely alone. 

Moyosore would argue Peter Pan could never beat Robin Hood in a fight and I would argue otherwise. We would conjecture theories, build stories and fantasize. Eniola never argues, he was too obsessed with and smitten by the beauty of Rapunzel. Sometimes, he forgets she was not real. Eniola was clowny and this often made me smile.Eniola also had a knack for telling jokes that were so silly, they made everyone laugh. Even on the worst days, Eniola could make us feel better with just a few silly words.

My friends did not care how I looked, and for a moment, I had found a place to belong without feeling inferior or awkward. 

But like good things were short-lived, a horrible thing happened when we got to Primary four; Eniola left for another school and Moyosore relocated overseas. I was heartbroken, my first, and I crawled back into my shell like a mollusk. I lost my place in the world all over again.


By the beginning of Junior Secondary School, things changed. I realised I could not stay crawled up in my shell forever and so I came out. But it was not me, it was a form I modified to the behavioural patterns of my peers. I acted like them so I could be with them. 

I learned their slang and verbalised them. I learnt the popular songs they often talked about and hummed them pretentiously during class to display my familiarity with the pops. 

I talked about girls because they too did. I thought of everything I thought of because they thought of it. Now that I think of it, I talked and related with them as my friends but they were not really my friends. A friend knows you;  none of them knew me because I did not give them a chance. 

I did not reveal my true self. I became a chameleon. For years, I lived this way, camouflaging.

It is amazing how the moon hangs in the sky, its false light glistening through the clouds, night after night, that we sometimes forget its true colour. Sometimes, what we call the moon is no longer the moon because we do not think of it that way any longer.


About last year, weeks before my final exams in secondary school, I stopped deceiving myself. I read a self help book on being confident in one’s identity and these words struck and spoke to me: “No one can make you feel inferior without your consent.”

I realised I have authority over what I choose to believe about myself and what I don’t. Enough of the self-sabotaging. It was tiring. It is tiring—liking something I do not just like because my so-called friends like them and so they can like me. It kills me. It is a sad philosophy. It is not a defence. Forcing myself to fit into where I do not  naturally fit into, my friend and therapist  once told me, is utterly pathetic. You should not have to change yourself to belong anywhere. I should not have to.

Now, I am learning to triumph over the complexities of my identity. I have stopped trying to fit in because my awkwardness is what distinguishes me from the multitude. I am unique because of the totality of all my inadequacies and deformities. My imperfection is my personhood, and if I lose it, I lose myself. So, no more blending to fit into peer groups or sects nor bending to the complex rules of the society. I refuse to be a chameleon.

I am not a chameleon. I am not a chameleon. I am not a chameleon.


Adesiyan Oluwapelumi, TPC XI, is a medical student, poet, essayist & Assistant Editor of Fiery Scribe Review from Nigeria. Winner of the Team Booktu Poetry Contest (2024), Cheshire White Ribbon Day Contest(2022), NiMasa Cancer Awareness Poetry contest (2024) & Konya Shamsrumi Poetry Contest(2024), his works are featured/ forthcoming in 20.35, Isele Magazine, Fantasy Magazine, Poet Lore, Tab Journal, Poetry Wales, Variant Literature & elsewhere. An Adroit Journal Summer Mentee & SprinNG Writers’ Fellow, his works were selected for inclusion in the Annual Outstanding Young Writers Anthology(Paper Crane, 2023). He tweets @ademindpoems

A Song for Sundays – Vrinda Chopra

There is only so much that algorithms and memories can tell you. 

My Spotify tells me that this month Keane’s ‘Somewhere Only We Know’ is the song I have listened to the most. Spotify tells me my mood is mellow, like a Sunday afternoon. What it does not tell me is that I miss my sister. 


It was a Sunday afternoon late in March. At least, I think it was a Sunday afternoon late in March. I know the marigolds were almost done blooming. It was not yet hot, but the promise of a hot Indian summer was in the air. My sister and I were lazing in my room. In April, we will start a new school semester. But, before then, our days were open and free. I am reading, she is drawing. The new Keane song comes on. We both hum along:  

I walked across an empty land
I knew the pathway like the back of my hand
I felt the earth beneath my feet
Sat by the river and it made me complete

We both loved the song. I am not sure why. Maybe it was trending at the time? I do remember that, with time, we forgot about the song as teenagers do until we heard a fresh rendition a few years later–this time on the American Teen TV show, Glee

We used to watch Glee on Sunday afternoons. Since we otherwise sang straightjacketed songs in the school choir, we enjoyed watching the flamboyant performance of Glee Club singing songs that we would actually listen to. Our Bollywood sensibilities would rejoice every time a character breaks into a song when big feelings come up.

One of the early–and quite remarkable–songs in the first season of Glee was “Somewhere only we know”. This “version”–popularly known in urban terms as ‘cover’–was younger and brighter in its tonality: the singer clearly enunciating the words, their voices rising above the music. In the original, the music and vocals are deeply enmeshed in each other. 

We liked the Glee Club cover and soon forgot the original. Now, instead of humming, we sang loudly. It never occurred to me to wonder why this song about nostalgia and weariness was so appealing to us. A response came to me later as the song became the background score of my summer of endless Sun-days in Kashmir. The summer that came after the March my sister passed away. The year I played with a starling. The same year the song, which I had heard a million times, took on new meanings. 


Headphones on, I am writing to my sister sitting on a bench at the garden’s entry when a flock of mynas (starlings) distracts me. They are pecking at the grass noisily, unmindful of my presence. Annoyed, I leave my letters and walk towards them. The mynas scatter and fly away. Except one.  

I try to shoo her away like the others. But, as I turn back to the bench, she follows. Curious, I reverse my steps. The myna matches my movements. Again, I try to shoo it away. But I see it waddling back just as I sit down. Maybe it wants seeds or crumbs. I crumble the biscuit I had brought out with me. The myna makes no attempt to peck at the crumbs. Instead, she waddles away and looks back. I follow the myna with the crumbs in hand and somehow, we end up playing tag. After a while, I get tired and the myna flies away. 

I retreat to the diary of letters to my sister, slipping on my headphones. The following lines are playing

I came across a fallen tree
I felt the branches of it looking at me
Is this the place we used to love?

My mother’s family home in Kashmir was a summer retreat. V and I loved it there. Just the previous summer, we spent a month at the house as she recovered from the latest rounds of chemotherapy. She and I would sit at the bench where I now sit with the diary of letters to her. We would often feed the birds together, and I would read, while she would practice with her camera—taking pictures of a bent-over rose bush that my mother’s grandfather planted several decades ago. The rose bush was showing signs of life, despite a harsh winter. V, with a camera in hand, was showing signs of life, as well. 

 The old plum tree near the rose bush was dying. “Remember that year,” I ask V, “when you climbed onto the roof of the car reaching for ripe plums.” She smiles and nods, looking a bit drained. “I remember,” she says. 

I had watched her, terrified she might fall; instructing her to be careful while collecting the plums she had plucked in a basket. But V tells me that she asked me to help her, to look out for her. In remembering the conversation alone, I think, perhaps, I liked the version where I was the one who volunteered to help her—to look out for her.

 I feel tired now. Since every day is a “sun day” in Kashmir, with nothing to do, I take a nap.  

  The next day, the myna returns and our play resumes. When she flies away, I remember a summer of our pre-teen years. There was a war on, in the upper regions of Kashmir, bordering Pakistan: The Kargil war. But, here at the house in Srinagar, we were oblivious. We rarely went outside the boundaries of the house, yet we were thoroughly entertained. We ran around the cars, the porch, the garden playing tag. Older and taller, I should have been ahead of her. But she was fast and athletic. She always caught up with me. 

Is this the place I have been dreaming of? 

I write to V, about my memories, about more-than-human encounters, about growing up together. And now having to grow old alone. I am vaguely aware that there were others around, that my grandparents, parents, aunts, uncles and cousins were there with us. Another year, when we returned to Srinagar, we helped our grandfather with a rickety old refrigerator. When it was finally installed, my grandfather took a nap on the couch. His snores matched the loud, robotic hum of the refrigerator. V and I were tickled endlessly, laughing till our stomachs hurt. 

When I remember it’s just me and her. The whole world fades into the background. The game with the myna was also a private game of tag. Just me and the starling. We play until she flies away. 


Looking at my Spotify Sound Capsule, I think how Sundays and summers were never the same again. The lazy afternoons are long gone. ‘Somewhere Only We Know’ is now a totem for my yearning to return to a time when nostalgia was not a feeling but a concept. Like you knew the song made you feel something, but you had not yet felt that feeling yourself.

The music used to only strike a chord and the lyrics were for belting out, imitating a show we watched, imagining our voices to mean something in a world that lay wide open in front of us. Now, the surface notes acquired new depths. Like when you read something at different times and pick up new inflections. Like when you walk across a path enough number of times, it takes on new shapes under your feet. 

The band Keane, when asked about the song’s meaning, have often responded saying that it is about a place, time and memory that meant something to the songwriter, but it can also be about any place, any time and any memory that might mean something to those who are listening. And I was listening–Is this the place we used to know? Is this the place we used to love?  

In playing with the myna and writing to my sister with Somewhere Only We Know’ in the background, I conjugated my grief, made new shapes and patterns with it. I carved out some wiggle room to remember the place we used to know, the place we loved—not only a physical space but one I recollected from past summers and Sundays.  


This could be the end of everything

So, why don’t we go somewhere only we know?
Somewhere only we know. 

The place of my grief is not a place my sister or my Spotify playlist will know. That place sits within me. I make and remake that place as I draw patterns between the times I shared with V, and the times I have not. After 12 years of losing her, my memories are now unsure yet intense. An algorithm reminds me that I miss my sister. What it does not tell me is that, in missing her, I think of Sunday afternoons when life was normal only because that life came before this one—the one I am living now. That life became a level with no apparent way to reach for it, no car to climb onto and pluck moments. In any case, even in memory, it was V on the roof of the car, not me. 

I am getting tired, and I need somewhere to begin. 

So, I begin with my song for Sundays as I add texture and depth to an algorithm that knows nothing of my grief but simply reads it as a mood. 

Why Nollywood Needs More Book-to-Screen Adaptations

by Ikenna Churchill

In Nollywood, there is often a disregard for the treasures that lie in literature even though they can be used to form very great films. Nigerian literature is full of stories which explore life intricacies such as identity, culture and history that reverberate globally.

Despite Nollywood’s depth in storytelling, little has been done regarding book adaptations. This has resulted in untapped fountains of narratives for the industry. 

While Nollywood’s essence mainly emanates from original screenwriting, this could be expanded through book-to-screen adaptations, leading to new angles, nuanced characters, and plots firmly anchored on the rich tradition of Nigerian authors’ storytelling. Although Nollywood has already ventured into few book adaptations, they only offer a glimpse of the potential that lies ahead.

Books Already Adapted in Nollywood

Some novels have come to life in Nollywood through their powerful screen adaptations. One strong example is Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie’s “Half of a Yellow Sun”, a historical drama that details the Nigerian Civil War.

Starring Chiwetel Ejiofor, John Boyega, Onyeka Owenu, Genevieve Nnaji  of Nigerian descent and Thandiwe Newton, the Anglo-Nigerian feature film, directed by the now-deceased Nigerian author, Biyi Bandele, received international critical acclaim.

Another incredible filmic adaptation is Ishaya Bako’s “I Do Not Come to You by Chance” by Adaobi Tricia Nwaubani, set to be released at TIFF 2024. It is a comedy feature based in Nigeria, which gives a view into the dark depths of email scams and how they take their toll on human lives.

Another, although in-view, would be the brand-new adaptation of Tomi Adeyemi’s novel “Children of Blood and Bone,” based on Nigerian mythology and African fantasy. It is in the works with Lucasfilm. The international project will be a great stride for Nollywood, likely to bring African folklore into worldview. 

Another example of Nigerian literature coming onto the screen would be “Things Fall Apart” by Chinua Achebe. The adaptation of 1987 with Pete Edochie became a natural, cultural landmark for literature and the silver screen.

In 2005, Kola Akinlade’s “Owo Eje” was adapted into a Yoruba mystery film in which the renowned detective Akin Olusina comes upon a murder incident that he would like to unravel.

In much the same way, Tunde Kelani’s “Saworoide”, based on the work of Akinwunmi Ishola, who was a popular dramatist and writer of noble acclaim in his lifetime, used political satire to explore power and despotism in the-then Nigerian political administration.

The 2007 film adaptation of war veteran and writer, Elechi Amadi’s “The Concubine”  was brought to visual life by Andy Amanechi in the tragic love story of Ihuoma, bound to a sea god.

Also, Nigerian-American Sefi Atta’s “Swallow”, as directed by Kunle Afolayan, deals with the moral dilemmas of 1980s Lagos. Based on drug smuggling, its Netflix commissioning for release in 2021 added to Nollywood’s growing list of successful book-to-screen conversions.

Femi Osofisan’s “Maami” was adapted to screen in 2011. Directed by Tunde Kelani, it stars Funke Akindele leading an emotional story narrating the relationship between a footballer and his single mother. Earlier adaptations, such as Bisi, Daughter of the River in 1977, based on Ladi Ladebo’s play, told the conflict between traditional beliefs and modern aspirations.

Ija Ominira, a film produced in 1979 and based on Adebayo Faleti’s same-title historical novel, portrayed the fight between a village and a wicked king, while “Hello Moto” by Nnedi Okorafor was adapted into the 2018 sci-fi short film Hello, Rain by C.J. Obasi, depicting a futuristic story of wigs with mystic powers.

Next in line for a unique mention of an adaptation into an animated 90-minute feature is Sade Adeniran’s “Imagine This,” which relates to a young British-Nigerian girl torn between two cultures.

Wole Soyinka’s “Kongi’s Harvest”, already filmed in 1970 by Ossie Davis, comes as his political offering because it highlights the lead character as a dictator with a quest for control. Yet another Soyinka play that has made its way to the big screen is ‘’Death and the King’s Horseman’’, which saw the teaming up of EbonyLife Studios with Netflix for an adaptation. Titled Elesin Oba: The King’s Horseman, this cinematic version of the Nobel laureate’s work brings one of the most famous Nigerian plays to a global audience.

More recent adaptations, like The Smart Money Woman, a TV Series originated by writer Arese Ugwu in 2016 and The Wait in 2021, which was based on Yewande Zaccheus’s personal story titled “God’s Waiting Room”, prove how deft Nollywood has been in translating prose language into screen conceptions.

Lola Shoneyin’s “The Secret Lives of Baba Segi’s Wives” is already in development for Netflix, promising another rich portrayal of Nigerian-Yoruba polygamy and the consequences that come with it. Finally, Crushed Roses—a Taiwo Egunjobi adaptation of Ibiere Addey’s anthological novella—will soon be available for screen, culminating an imposing roster of literature-to-film reimaginings in Nollywood.

But why should Nollywood do more of this?

Nollywood should do more because African literature has a rich narrative that can add depth to storylines in a cinematic medium. Furthermore, it has the potential to provide new content to audiences worldwide, in addition to Nigeria.

Challenges with Book-to-Screen Adaptation

While there are plenty of exciting opportunities for Nollywood, some hurdles hold it back from making complete success with book-to-screen adaptations. First, there’s the challenge of getting intellectual rights for a screenplay adaptation of a novel.

Quite a good number of writers, especially internationally renowned ones, are a hard nut to crack when it comes to ceding rights to their works.

The cost of negotiation and, eventually, seeking permission is usually so enormous. This, in turn, slows the production time of filmmakers or quite quickly halts a project before it is even started.

The only other hurdle from there is sourcing the right talent to do justice to these works once the rights are secured. Novels, more often than not, present very complex characters and intricately layered plots that will require experienced actors, directors, and screenwriters who can not only faithfully but ingeniously translate the same to the screen.

This becomes a challenging task to execute, more so when the talent pool is limited and the source material calls for a depth not considered “standard” in mainstream Nollywood.

Maneuvering to balance commercial viability with artistic integrity also muddles the adaptation process—while some novels can take deep dives into the most severe philosophical or historical questions, Nollywood is for a broadly popular audience, meaning that fast-paced, dramatic storytelling often rules.

Besides, movie production teams have to tread that fine line between reproducing the novel’s essence with its adaptations to suit mainstream tastes.

Sometimes, the narrative, in its simplification process for purposes of commercial gist, can be altered to dilute the fundamental core themes and values embedded in these books that make them powerful.

More than that, a lot of stories, most especially those with very elaborate backdrops and settings or historical contexts, will be costly to translate into film.

The films Half of a Yellow Sun and Elesin Oba were shot on an infusion of international co-productions and enjoyed a more lavish and elaborate production scale. Yet, most Nollywood projects chug forth with shoe-string budgets, and, as a result, the vast scope of the original story may never be fully realised.

And finally, even when these challenges are surmounted, there is the matter of audience reception. The primary audience for Nollywood are people who are usually used to modern, light stories.

Literary adaptations usually include complex issues of society or historical periods, which might appear to be too slow or too abstract to some members of the audience. The challenge of maintaining faithfulness to the books while still making the audience riveted in their seat does call for a delicate balancing act between artistic fidelity and innovation.

Books That Should Be Adapted into Nollywood Films

Akpata Magazine has handpicked a selection of books ripe for Nollywood adaptation.

Each of the novels on this list creates distinct stories with multitudes of dimensions that can take the storytelling of the Nollywood genre to a new high.

“Fine Boys” by Eghosa Imasuen

It is a coming-of-age novel–so to speak–that strives to capture the very essence of university life in Nigerian institutions in the 1990s, when political turmoil was on a rise.

Given this, one would think it may stand out as an ideal candidate for a Nollywood adaptation of its themes about the Nigerian youth, identity, and resilience since it brought forth student life.

“The Madhouse” by TJ Benson

Set in Middle Belt Nigeria, it follows how the lives of a Nigerian family intertwine at the very edge of existence. This becomes quite an exciting adaptation possibility due to its tight characterisation and very undiscovered settings in Nigeria, which are a part of Nollywood’s growing geographical and thematic depth. 

“Under the Udala Trees” by Chinelo Okparanta

A powerful LGBTQ+ love story set against the backdrop of the Nigerian Civil War. Touching on themes of forbidden love, identity, and societal pressures, this novel would bring much-needed nuance in portrayals of love and conflict to Nollywood and break ground in filmic representation.

“Welcome to Lagos” by Chibundu Onuzo

This novel is about a group of runaways who find their way to Lagos through different voices and perspectives to locate the challenges in the city. An adaptation of the novel would capture the pulsating life of Lagos, the hopes and disillusionments of its people, and the blatant contrasts between classes.

“Blackass” by Igoni Barrett

This is a Kafkaesque story of a young Nigerian who woke up one morning and found his skin colour changed from black to white. The novel is an amusing exploration of race, identity, and privilege in contemporary Nigerian society.

Any film adaptation of such a work will mix elements of surrealism and social critique in a different visual and narrative style for Nollywood. 

“Honey and Spice” Bolu Babalola

Honey and Spice is a vivid rom-com set on a British university campus, providing a new young voice in the Romantic Comedy genre for Nollywood. It features a great number of diverse characters and witty lines that would be at home with young audiences, bringing modern romance alive on screen. Open Country Mag.***

“The Fishermen” by Chigozie Obioma

This is a sibling rivalry story, suffused with the power of prophecy in a small Nigerian town; in The Fishermen, the merger of myth and reality builds toward tragedy. The character arc is strong and the emotional depth is excellent for a psychological drama probing Nigerian beliefs and culture.

“In Dependence” by Sarah Ladipo Manyika

This sprawling historical romance follows love and politics from Nigeria to Europe over decades, from the 1960s into modern times. As a Nollywood film, it would be visually lush and emotionally resonant in detailing interracial relationships and cultural change with the shifting political terrain of Nigeria.

Last Days at Forcados High School

This is a coming-of-age story set in a fictional high school in Nigeria. The novel follows the lives of several students as they navigate the challenges of their final year in secondary school. It should be adapted by Nollywood because it presents relatable struggles and triumphs that resonate deeply with Nigeria youths.

Unlike the often generic, westernized high school movies that dominate the Nollywood scene, this story offers a rich, culturally grounded narrative that reflects the realities of growing up in Nigeria. It highlights the family dynamics, societal pressures, and the importance of community.

Opportunities Associated with Adapting Literary Works

Although significant, the challenges associated with adapting literary works are still far outweighed by the opportunities they present for Nollywood.

First and foremost, further exposure to book-to-screen adaptations can broaden the creative horizons of Nollywood. There has already been sufficient proof of how much the industry is capable of storytelling, considering its skills in original screenwriting.

Still, adaptation means opening doors to an even richer kind of narratives that have their roots in the literary tradition of Nigeria. These stories are worth a lot of material that can shove Nollywood into new and unexplored territories.

The adaptation of more novels will also help Nollywood tap into an already existing fan base of people who are already familiar with these books.

This interrelation between literature and cinema could foster audience interest, especially in such a period when Nigerian literature is getting international attention.

Nollywood movies based on Nigerian novels, like Half of a Yellow Sun and Swallow, have shown that adaptation is key to bridging gaps between local stories and global audiences, thereby increasing Nollywood’s reach internationally.

A growing interest in African stories is what the world has adopted, and further adapting literature into film would give Nollywood much stronger positioning in the world film market against international projects and investors.

Now, this is one exciting avenue: genre diversification. Many of these–from African Fantasy to Science Fiction, Romance, and political dramas–are some of the untouched novels waiting to be adapted.

Adaptations like these bring new themes, images, and ways of storytelling that keep Nollywood living, vibrant, and ever-evolving.

Now, it is time to connect the dots between Nollywood and the potential for book-to-screen adaptations, as well as closer ties between literature and cinema.

Filmmakers, producers, and other stakeholders in this creative industry should become aware that Nigerian literature is an untapped goldmine, an unrealized potential for their industry.

They will not only enrich the cultural repertoire of Nollywood but also provide new exposure for the works of Nigerian and African writers, at large, by bringing more significant numbers of them to the big screen and raising the film industry to new heights.

For audiences, it is about supporting these adaptations and going out to see them. Book-to-film projects not only preserve our literary heritage but also introduce stories to new generations. As Nollywood continues to grow, the voices of our most celebrated writers have to be a part of that journey.

Let these stories be taken from the page to the screen, broadening the reach of both collectives of Nigerian novelists and Nollywood and, in turn, reasserting the stand it initially held as a global powerhouse of storytelling.

If our filmmakers, producers, novelists and audience all come together, then Nigerian literature can be the defining force for the further evolution of Nollywood.

“I was told a homosexual is worse than an animal”: The Reality of Queer Teens in Nigeria

by Nwodo Divine

  • Ikenna, 15, and Osato, 16, were expelled from their respective schools for their queer sexual orientation after they were caught engaging in intimate acts with the same sex. Using their experience, this article investigates the profound suffering of Nigerian queer teenagers.
  • We agreed to use the pseudonyms Ikenna and Osato to protect the teenagers’ identities.

In a secluded corner of a Catholic boarding school in Benin city, fifteen-year-old Ikenna sat alone, his back pressed against the cold wall of the dormitory. The air was thick with the whispers of his classmates, who had discovered his secret—a secret that, in their eyes, was a sin, an abomination.

Ikenna had been caught in an intimate moment with another boy, and the repercussions were swift and brutal: expulsion, public shaming, and a call to his parents.

When his parents arrived, his mother screamed, “What have you done to our family?” while his father silently fumed, fists clenched at his sides.

When Ikenna recounted his story, his voice trembled, and his eyes looked distant. “They called me fag,” he said, his hands gripping the edge of his seat. “My parents couldn’t even look at me. My mother said, ‘I regret the day I gave birth to you.'”

Ikenna’s story is far from unique. Across Nigeria, queer teens like him endure profound  suffering, hidden in the shadows of a society that rejects their very existence. The discrimination they face is not just social but institutional, as schools, communities, and even families turn against them. 

The Roots of Discrimination

In Nigeria, alternate sexual orientations are criminalized, and societal norms are deeply rooted in conservative religious beliefs.

These attitudes trickle down, creating an environment where queer teens live in constant fear of being discovered and ostracized.

But the attitude is even worse towards teenagers; parents often assume that their children are too young to be certain about their sexual orientation, and in some cases, may threaten them with homelessness for not conforming to societal (traditional) expectations.

I remember speaking with Mrs. Adebola, a mother of three, who told me with a stern face, “If my son ever told me he was gay, I would throw him out of the house. He’s too young to do that rubbish.”

Her words echo the sentiments of many Nigerian parents and illustrate the harsh reality of the average queer teen living in Nigeria.

Conversion therapy is another brutal reality for these teens. Sixteen-year-old Osato, speaking with tears in her eyes, recounted, “My parents took me to a counselor to fix me.”

What they described as ‘fixing’ was actually conversion therapy—an attempt to change her sexual orientation through psychological or physical means. Aisha’s voice shook as she recalled the sessions. ‘I went in feeling bad and left feeling worse. The counselor told me I was confused, misdirected. He said… he said a homosexual is worse than an animal.’

Conversion therapy is not only ineffective but profoundly damaging. According to a 2019 report by UCLA’s Williams Institute, queer youth who experienced conversion therapy were almost twice as likely to contemplate and attempt suicide compared to their peers who did not undergo such methods. 

These so-called therapies leave deep mental and emotional scars and reinforce the deceitful message that their very identity is wrong.

Loneliness is another companion for these teens. The fear of being outed, combined with a lack of understanding from peers and family, forces them to isolate as a coping mechanism.

“Since they found out, my friends no longer talk to me,” Ikenna said. “One of them told me, ‘You’re disgusting. Stay away from us. Some even blocked my number”

Once queer teens in Nigeria are caught in the act, their friendships are fraught with mistrust, as even the most innocent relationship can be misread. The result is a pervasive sense of loneliness that eats away at their self-esteem and mental health.

This loneliness leads to severe mental health issues, including depression and anxiety. It took a toll on Ikenna’s health. “‘Some nights, I couldn’t sleep,’ he admitted. ‘I felt like I was drowning in my own thoughts, but there was no one I could talk to.”

Queer teens who live in Nigeria often suffer in silence, unable to seek help for fear of exposure.

The stigma surrounding their identity makes it difficult to find supportive mental health resources, leaving them to navigate their struggles alone.

Expulsion

The harrowing experiences of these teens extend from their families into their classrooms. In Nigerian schools, which are expected to be safe environments for young people, students like Ikenna who are found to be gay or exhibit traits not traditionally seen as masculine, face expulsion.

This punishment sends a clear message: you are not welcome here.

It informs the teens that their identity is so abhorrent that it warrants exclusion from the very institution meant to nurture their development.

Too Young To Understand Sexuality?

Teens in Nigeria are often told they are too young to understand their sexual orientation; too young to be queer. I asked Ikenna’s mother about her thoughts on his sexuality, and she said, ‘I don’t think he knows what he’s doing; he’s confused; he’s still young. Hopefully, he will come to his senses when he grows up.’

This belief is scientifically flawed. According to Medscape, the education of identities, gender and sexual alike, is not something that can be postponed until adulthood; it is a fundamental aspect of who we are from birth.

It is equally problematic to assume teenagers cannot form meaningful connections. It is a reductive view that intently dismisses the profound nature of their experiences.

Adolescence is the age of identity formation. During these formative years, teens explore various aspects of their identities, including their sexual orientation and capacity for intimacy.

To argue that teens like Ikenna and Osato are incapable of understanding or engaging their sexuality is to overlook the scientifically proven reality that many teens possess a keen awareness of their own biological desires and sociological boundaries. 

Last words

Ikenna and Osato’s story—as well as the stories of countless others that we know and hear of—must not be forgotten. Their suffering is real and unjust.

As a civilised human society, we must not only strive to be a powerful voice that collectively decries the diverse suffering of queer teens in Nigeria, but advocate for their right to be their harmless, natural selves openly–without fear or stigmatisation.  

These young individuals deserve to live free from fear, shame, and violence.

Lastly, we must create environments where teens can openly discuss their feelings, ask questions, and receive guidance without fear of judgement or punishment.

Academic Hardships and Protests: The Reality of Living on UNIBEN’s Campus

by Nwodo Divine

It’s 8:30 a.m., and the sun is shining brightly. I remember I have a class at 9 a.m. As I rush to fetch water for my bath, I discover the tank is empty because there was no electricity overnight. I protest silently as I return to my room. I ask one of my roommates why we didn’t have water.

“Did you see light?” he asks sarcastically.

I recall that the electricity distribution company failed to supply power for the second night in a row. I sit on my bed in dismay, wondering how I will manage to take a bath. Soon, I’m on my feet, heading to my friend’s house in BDPA, a 30-minute walk from my place. There, I take my bath and rush to school.

This was one of my many negative experiences living on UNIBEN’s campus last year.

I graduated several months ago, but to this day, the story remains the same for a lot of students. However, now the students are tired of adapting to the terrible living conditions and are making their voices heard, demanding that the school administration bring about the necessary changes.

It is why students from the University of Benin (UNIBEN) took to the streets to protest the absence of power supply for over six weeks and the overall abysmal living conditions on campus.

Their peaceful demonstration on the Benin-Lagos expressway, where they even played football, caused significant gridlock, which drew criticism from members of the university staff.

This is not an isolated event. Sadly.

Last year, UNIBEN students staged a protest against a steep hike in school fees. Every year, the administration seems to creatively devise new forms of living hardships and impose the same on the students, thereby raising the question: Why are UNIBEN students treated like second-class citizens in their citadel of learning and on their campus? 

Poor Campus Living Conditions

The conditions in most of UNIBEN’s hostels are nothing short of appalling. One student I spoke to likened it to a prison, describing faded, dilapidated buildings and cramped rooms with each housing up to eight students on average. The hygiene is deplorable, with one hosteller recounting contracting infections from the toilets multiple times.

Worsening the students’ plight, they are forced to use kerosene stoves for cooking as gas and electric stoves were banned by the school authority. In today’s fast-evolving 21st century, one would expect the administration of a reputable Federal-owned institution such as the University of Benin to know better than to expect such laughable, backward innovations of its students e.g. cooking with kerosene stoves.

The resulting smoke poses severe environmental hazards and health risks. With current kerosene prices nearly competing with gas rates, this condition is both archaic and heartless.

Like its progress, the administration’s excuse has been stagnant: the hostel transformer’s inability to handle the load of electric stoves. A flimsy justification.

The poor maintenance of the hostels culminated in a fire outbreak in Hall 2, destroying rooms, important documents, and personal possessions. Although the fire service was alerted early, they arrived without water, leaving students to douse the flames with buckets of water fetched from distant places.

The administration blamed the incident on the use of banned electric plates, ignoring their own neglect. To date, most affected students remain uncompensated and without new accommodations, despite paying maintenance fees.

Power Outage

Less than a year after the fire, the Benin Electricity Supply of Edo State cut off power to UNIBEN due to an unpaid debt of Three Hundred Million Naira only (#300, 000, 000.00), plunging the university into darkness. Students living on campus were forced to seek basic amenities like bathing and charging their phones and other electronic devices off-campus.

Their academic activities suffered, with the case of a computer science student unable to complete tests due to the power outage being heard of. Despite promises to resolve the issue, six weeks passed without action. The vice chancellor recently admitted the university’s inability to settle the debt, even suggesting a possible session suspension if students couldn’t endure the conditions.

Furthering the administration’s bid to stifle convenience out of the living conditions of its students, transportation costs within the university have also soared, with cab fares increased by over 900%! Such alarming administrative creativity. 

Today, UNIBEN students are engaged in protest because their endurance has reached its limit. This situation is a damning indictment of the government and the university management. Their collective failure has resulted in intolerable living conditions that in turn hinder the students’ ability to meet their primary need:  focus on their studies and fulfil academic diligence.

How can students excel without basic amenities like electricity? How can they read, study, or prepare for exams in the dark? How can they conduct research and/or engage with modern technology essential for their academic growth?

Improving living conditions is not just a matter of comfort but a fundamental requirement for fostering a conducive learning environment.

Last Words

People often claim that UNIBEN students love to protest. Having spent four years at the University of Benin, I can unequivocally say this is not true. These students have too many bills to pay, books to read, assignments to complete, tests and exams to prepare for, and businesses to run to spend their days protesting on the roads. It took six weeks of power outages before they finally took to the streets.

Rather than focusing on superficial actions like shutting down the school, the school management should look for practical, immediate solutions to the problems.

Addressing these issues requires a multifaceted approach, starting with increased government support to ensure that basic amenities like electricity and adequate living conditions are consistently provided.

The government must increase funding for educational institutions. Additionally, the university should actively engage its alumni network in fundraising efforts, leveraging their success and goodwill to invest in infrastructure improvements and student welfare programs.